Relationship between Cognitive Level and Emotional State in Institutionalized and Non-Institutionalized Older Adults
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56931/jhsw.2024.e15Keywords:
cognition, emotional state, anxiety, depression, older adultAbstract
Abstract
Population aging is a growing global phenomenon, and in Ecuador, 6.5% of the population are older adults. The present study aims to analyze the relationship between cognitive level and emotional state in older adults, based on the hypothesis that a better cognitive state is associated with lower levels of anxiety and depression. A quantitative approach with a non-experimental and correlational design was used, using the Mini Mental State Examination, the Beck Depression Inventory-II and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale. The sample, selected by convenience, includes 60 older adults between 65 and 95 years old, divided into institutionalized and non-institutionalized groups. The results showed that institutionalized adults are significantly older, present greater cognitive impairment and exhibit higher levels of total and psychic anxiety compared to non-institutionalized adults. In addition, age and years of confinement were positively correlated with anxiety and depression, while cognitive status showed a negative elevation with these variables. A multiple regression analysis confirmed that age and length of institutionalization increase total anxiety levels, while better cognitive status reduces them. These findings highlight the importance of implementing cognitive stimulation and emotional support strategies in nursing homes. Limitations include a small sample and cross-sectional design; future studies are encouraged to use larger samples and longitudinal approaches to explore additional factors that influence older adults' mental and cognitive health.
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